Organizational Change Models Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authoritative Change Models - Research Paper Example In any of the cases, better administration is the way to accomplishing the ideal objective. Association improvement targets expanding the adequacy and efficiency of a business through the work of various techniques (Nelson, 2011). This will incorporate the various methods that help laborers and the association in general to adapt to the changing condition for a superior exhibition of the foundation. This will accordingly empower firms to accomplish their objectives and meet the laid destinations quicker. The significance of change in the advanced condition for all intents and purposes guarantees that associations which don't change will quickly becomeâ€Å"corporate dinosaurs†, set out toward obliteration since they not, at this point fit the current condition (Kates and Galbraith, 2007). To deal with the change, initiative, laborer contribution and motivating forces that guide to beat protection from change are the key core interest. The idea of hierarchical change is one of the key components that decide if organizations endure and endeavor well in the market. The world is progressively changing and this calls for firms to utilize measures to effectively adapt to the evolving condition. There are those present moment and long haul quantifies that should be utilized for successful change to be seen by an association. It is a three stage model that was designed by Kurt Lewin. The Lewin’s Three-advance Change Model capacities as a momentary procedure to adapt to the evolving market. It centers around three significant advances: unfreezing-moving and refreezing as appeared in the figure beneath. In this stage, the association is set up for change. It includes recognizing any opposing powers for the change fit to be executed. This will be useful as indicated by the Lewin’s model in recognizing systems for change which will endeavor even with the obstruction (Miner, 2011). Except if there is inspiration for change in an association, advancement would not take its

The Great Plains region in the early nineteenth century has been Assignment

The Great Plains district in the mid nineteenth century has been depicted as a world in transition. What exactly degree do the sourc - Assignment Example The nineteenth century circumstance in the Great Plains is a perfect case of a world in motion. Through broad utilization of essential sources, Calloway depicts the circumstance around there as an emergency in essence where the general public couldn't decide the correct strides to take to handle emerging issues. The creator further depicts it as a zone described by fights including the pioneers, Indians and the adventurers. The circumstance in the Great Plains was set apart with battles for regional extension among the different local clans, Western forces development in the district and necessary absorption. It likewise saw one of the best devastation of the fauna in the American history, in particular buffalo butcher. During this time, various characteristic catastrophes, including dry seasons and pandemics, left the zone in a forsaken state. The last about cleared out the whole Indian animals groups. By and large, the area was in a condition of urgency during the appearance of Ame rican pioneers who found a debilitated Indian people group that could scarcely oppose outside hostility. Prior to the extraordinary inundation of individuals in the zone, numerous creatures flourished here. The Native Americans depended on the land just for their essential food and huge tracks remained underutilized. There was little weight on the land and the characteristic assets were not in the peril of consumption. These physical attributes of the territory were, truth be told, liable for pulling in numerous early pilgrims. It is the convergence of the pilgrim relocation into the territory that is fundamentally answerable for the social, political, social-financial and ecological changes that occurred in the fields. The pilgrims showed up in various gatherings and set up various strongholds that included Fort Lisa which was set up in 1809 in North Dakota; Fort Lisa which was set up in1812 in Nebraska; posts that were spearheaded by the 1822 foundation of Fontenelle's Post and th e Cabanne's Trading Post in 1822 in Nebraska. The foundation of fortifications was firmly followed with endeavors to build up the locale with the pilgrims trying really hard to guarantee simplicity of transport in the region and setting up offices that ensured their solace. The development of new railways over the Great Plains was the principal huge advance toward another vocation in the zone. The development brought trackers who were liable for the buffalo butcher. The vagrant rail laborers, just as the European ranchers, who rushed to settle the land because of its acknowledged worth and simplicity of transport, were the principal noteworthy gatherings to settle in the fields. The ranchers were additionally pulled in by the residence laws which empowered them acquire free homesteads. These laws acquired a huge number of ranchers further denoting this as a period of flood, henceforth, the term. The period likewise observed the foundation of open range lands where farmers raised a g reat many cows grouped by the cowhands. The dairy cattle were then sent out. The region was, consequently, not restricted to human relocation yet additionally to cows also. This prompted overloading which combined with antagonistic atmosphere in certain periods prompted debasement of the earth and carried extraordinary misfortunes to ranchers. The primary portion of the century saw the numbers in the fields ascend by 3000 percent. The period likewise saw a jump in the quantity of

The Benefits of Offshore Working

The Benefits of Offshore Working Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Benefits of Offshore WorkingUpdated On 31/01/2020Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/37Oo0xY CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogBrowsing through offshore job vacancies is an eye-opening experience, whether they be in the oil gas industry, scientific research or the renewable sector (specifically wind). The organisations are household names, some of the largest in the world. Pay and benefits are very attractive and there are many different roles, depending on skills and experience.Working offshore is not for everyone, however. Many roles involve shift patterns and working away from home for long periods (although with similar periods back home, too). Here we explain the benefits of working offshore, the types of jobs that are available, lifestyle and typical salaries.FlexibilityFlexibility is a major benefit of working offshore. Rather than d riving to the same factory every day for years, or sitting at the same desk, you will have the opportunity to work in different environments, with different cultures. You can keep developing your skills and experience, giving you access to interesting and challenging jobs.There are some office-based roles, but many jobs involve a flexible working pattern. You might work offshore for 2 weeks and return home for 2 weeks, giving you the chance to spend time with your family, relax at home or work on your hobbies. Holidays will be easier to afford and easier to schedule.OpportunitiesMost engineering jobs involve working with the latest technology. In a junior role, you will get the chance to work at the leading edge, gaining experience and learning at first hand how the energy business is changing and innovating. You will extend your CV, demonstrating your ability to take on a challenge, develop your interpersonal skills and prove your resilience.In a senior engineering role, you will b e involved in the design, construction or operation of new facilities, taking responsibility and putting your own stamp on their safety and effectiveness.However offshore working is not just engineering; there is a diverse range of jobs supporting the operation of the unit, such as kitchen, restaurant and housekeeping staff. Health and fitness is also a priority so there are jobs looking after the wellbeing of workers.If you like to travel and experience different cultures, offshore working is an ideal career. It’s not just about North Sea Oil and Gas, you could work anywhere in the world, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Middle East.LifestyleYour working day will be quite different from a conventional 9 to 5 role. Offshore facilities operate 247 so most jobs are based on a shift pattern with 12 hours on and 12 hours off. This pattern will repeat, typically, for 2-4 weeks, followed by a return to shore for the same period.READThree Essential Staff Members for Small BusinessDuring yo ur time off shift, there will be good relaxation and recreational facilities. These differ depending on the size of the installation; a typical production platform will house between 100-200 men and women, with good living conditions.Food and drink is always provided and available 247 along with housekeeping and laundry services. Recreational facilities will usually include a gym, sauna and games room; larger platforms may provide a cinema and internet café.Due to the safety risk, alcohol is not permitted on any offshore facility and there is drug testing before and during each assignment. There is usually an indoor shack provided for smokers although this is not a legal entitlement.SafetyOffshore work can be dangerous, so safety is paramount. Many people are employed specifically to ensure that the design and operation of the platform allows staff to work safely, from safety engineers to fire prevention officers. There are strict rules on safety, such as the use of e-cigarettes an d all workers are given mandatory safety training in dos and don’ts and emergency procedures.SalaryPay rates for offshore jobs are very good:An entry level role such as a roustabout will start at around £20k, rising to around £30k with experienceA driller, working on a drilling platform or oil rig will earn from £30k-50k depending on their level of experienceA pipeline engineer, designing and installing pipes will typically earn around £50k with senior roles earning around £70kA scientist, such as a geologist can earn from £70k-120kTax and NIThe requirement to pay UK tax and NI depends mainly on whether you are resident in the UK for tax purposes.UK residents, working in the UK sector of the Continental Shelf, will pay UK tax and National Insurance as normalUK residents working abroad will pay UK tax, reporting this as foreign income but may be able to claim tax relief if this income has already been taxed in the foreign countryNon-residents, or people with a permanent home outside the UK will not have to pay UK taxWorking offshore offers flexibility to someone starting out in their career, or anyone who is fed up with the same daily routine. There are opportunities for travel, for building skills and experience in the latest technology and for earning good rates of pay.

China s Struggle For Status - 1274 Words

Chinese international relations and historian Yong Deng’s latest novel, China’s Struggle for Status, analyzes China’s rise in power and it’s future trajectory according to his research. The novel was released during what many consider the peak of China’s growth, or at least when the world was witnessing the prosperity of their country, the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The novel strays away from the status quo of analyzing China’s rise, and rather focuses more on the reasons behind why China would want to become the world’s top super power and its motives for control, if any. The book explores China’s fixation with status, and why it appears they try so hard to attain it. Rather than simply writing about the struggle for power China has been experiencing and overloading the reader with statistics, Deng took a different approach. He emphasizes the major part that ideals such as reputation and status play in the political system and how they drive governments to want to achieve these both, in this case China. Deng explores how China has adapted its government and political system to successfully coexist with foreign countries, particularly after the Cold War. The novel focuses on about six areas of concern, including a chapter discussing international human rights and how China’s policy in comparison to them. It goes without saying that this is a major area of concern for China, as they have been heavily scrutinized for it, but Deng also mentions the improvements that the ChineseShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of China s Economy1036 Words   |  5 Pageswho could be a potential existential threat, the answer is almost always China. China s economy is growing rapidly, its military is expanding, and its diplomatic influence has spread to every continent. However, despite its impressive rise in the last fifteen years, China remains decades away from competing with the US on any level. There has been more discussion of the rise of China in recent years due to the struggles in our own country. Our economy is growing very slowly, we have a massiveRead MoreThe Movie, The Joy Luck Club, By Amy Tan1563 Words   |  7 Pagesmany examples of the challenges of intercultural translations. The movie portrays cultural conflict between Chinese culture and the American culture as portrayed by the lives of four mothers and their daughters. The mothers were born and raised in China, adopting the high-content Chinese culture, while their daughters, born and raised in America, adopted the low-context American culture. This movie clearly brings out the cultural clashes and conflicts between the high context Chinese culture andRead MoreA Portrait Of A Rebellious, Independent Mulan1744 Words   |  7 Pagesa few of the functions from the source tale. 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In the 21st century, however, the relationship between Africa and China is one that has attracted the attention of many people. The question that lingers in the minds of everyone therefore is, â€Å"how beneficial is the Africa- China relationship beneficial to the African continent?† answering this question may lead an individual in determiningRead MoreUnited States as a World Superpower1157 Words   |  5 PagesAshley Torgerson Dr. Brown International Relations 2nd May, 2012 United States as a World Superpower The rising to the status of world super power does not happen overnight. To explore the journey to the top, we must recognize the struggles and obstacles that were overcome. As Americans we can proudly say that we live in a country with globally recognized supremacy. As stated earlier, it was not an easy title to obtain. Looking back throughout history we can see specific examples of how weRead MoreWomen During The Imperial Period Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesDespite having numerous powerful women leaders throughout Chinese history, China has been a traditionally patriarchal society. A society where women have long been charged with upholding society’s values in their roles as wives and mothers. However, radical changes in China’s political, economic and social structures have changed the expected values of women from the imperial period to the Communist revolution to the modern day. This paper aims to examine how these changes in the political, economicRead MoreTh e Woman Warrior, By Maxine Hong Kingston1434 Words   |  6 PagesThere is great plasticity in the self perception and identity of immigrants and even more so in their offspring. The memoir, The Woman Warrior, by Maxine Hong Kingston, does a good job in highlighting this statement. Her memoir shows the struggle of the older generation to adapt to American culture after migrating, it shows how the second generation comes to terms with their dual identity, and how their unique perceptions emphasize the gap between the two generations. Thesis tying identity crisisRead MoreEssay about The Legal History of China1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legal History of China Before I introduce the legal history of China, I want to talk about several points: First, introduce the legal history of China should be based on the general history of china: As everyone has know the general history of China, I will not introduce it in detail.( The ancient China had many dynasties, from the Xia Dynasty (21th-16th century before Christ), to the Shang Dynasty (16thà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢11th century B.C). West Zhou Dynasty (11century

“Kong Yiji” and Ah-Q- The Real Story A Study in...

Zhou Shuren, better known by the pen name Lu Xun is generally regarded as the father of modern Chinese literature and was thought by many to have his finger on the pulse of the nation’s conscience. His early notoriety was achieved as a result of his short works of fiction which were often satirical, sometimes humorous, and at times very gloomy (â€Å"Lu Xun†). Lu Xun was a mindful of his art and labored over his stories to eliminate unnecessary detail, yet they are filled with rich characters, interesting plot lines, vivid imagery, and strong themes. â€Å"It can be argued that in the overall output of Lu Xun’s writings his twenty-five short stories constitute a rather slim volume. But is should also be noted that, given the relatively brief†¦show more content†¦However, the similarity in the two characters does not end with their names, as Lu Xun uses similar methods of characterization to reveal the two characters to the reader. In both stories L u Xun develops the two protagonists through direct comment from the narrator, the actions and speech of the main characters, and the speech and actions of other characters in the stories. Neither of them was respected in their communities, and both characters were somewhat tragic, although they fail to garner sympathy from the reader. Kong Yiji fits in with neither the gentry nor the country peasants and was caught somewhere in the middle. Ah-Q was from the peasant class and was a common thief who was ridiculed and despised in his village. Both characters are the brunt of many jokes, but both seem to be in denial about their own status. In â€Å"Kong Yiji,† Lu Xun gives the reader plenty of comment from the narrator about Kong Yiji. Speaking of Kong Yiji he states, â€Å"At times like this, even I could join in the laughter without having the boss get after me. Besides, the boss himself would often pull Kong’s leg just to get his customers in a good mood† (Lu Xun 45). And in the end when we learn of Kong Yiji’s fate, the narrator shares with his thoughts again, â€Å"The New Year soon rolled around, but there was still no sign of Kong Yiji. I guess he really did die† (Lu Xun 48). The narrator, who was a lowly waiter, indicates that Kong Yiji was of such little

The Economic Theory Of Immigration Essay - 1931 Words

A nation of immigrants, the land of opportunity, the American dream; throughout its existence the United States has been a land to which individuals would travel in order to attempt to provide better lives for themselves and their families. While the lives of immigrants may not seem ideal through the eyes of the average American it is important to remember that the culture that has been established in America is much different than the culture that many immigrants have experienced in their previous countries. The neoclassical economic theory of immigration explains why it is that immigrants are so willing to pick up their lives in their old country and start from scratch in the United States. To begin with, the American population has become more educated and as a result the demand for lower skilled workers has been steadily increasing. Low skilled workers are in abundance throughout the immigration population; in 2010 28.9% of immigrants had less than a high school education and 25. 4% of immigrants had only a high school diploma. Therefore, immigrants were the perfect fit to occupy the open positions in low skilled work. Why would immigrants want to move from their homes to the United States only to take part in low skilled jobs? The Answer is money. Low skilled workers often end up performing manual labor such as construction or farm work. In 2005 the average construction worker in Mexico made the equivalent to $342 a month (worldsalaries.org). In The Working Poor byShow MoreRelatedA Contemporary Analysis : Immigration And The Three Theoretical Paradigms1749 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary Analysis: Immigration and the Three Theoretical Paradigms Chris Ek Salisbury University Abstract The three theoretical paradigms of liberalism, mercantilism, and Marxism all create different analyses of certain contemporary issues. Leaders in society today use the paradigms to help create opinions over economics, immigration, and other key subjects that world leaders are constantly debating. Although, the knowledge of the basic foundations of each theory is extremely importantRead Morepollution Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages Understanding Immigration through the Ethical Theories and Perspectives By: Hillary Parks SOC120: Introduction to Ethics and Social Responsibility Professor David Jung October 6, 2014 There are many ethical theories and ethical perspectives out there today that helps us live and function every day in society with other people. The two ethical theories and ethical perspective I chose to write about concerning immigration. The two theories are utilitarianism and virtue ethics. The perspectiveRead MoreRelationship Between Foreign Aid And Migration1414 Words   |  6 Pagesexplaining the relation between immigration and foreign aid. They hypothesis that (1) donor countries use this foreign aid to ‘aid’ or to further their own individual immigration policy goals, and (2) migrants, who have already moved, lobby their new countries for an increase in aid to their home countries. Anti-immigration parties and policies have come out of developed donor nations including Austria, Denmark, and the Netherlands. This social unrest stems from immigration of low skilled migrants toRead MoreWhat I Learned From The Group Project On The United States Illegally By Their Parents Should Be Deported Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pageswhen it comes to ethics, morals, and standards as well as our thoughts on religion, government, politics, family, etc. Our culture can be one that drives what theory we support in relation to different ethical dilemmas we face on a day to day basis. If you are raised in a more liberal culture, you will be for The Dream Act as well as immigration as liberals believe in human rights. 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Food in genetics Essay Example For Students

Food in genetics Essay Introduction The use of genetically engineering in agriculture and food production has an impact, not only on the environment and biodiversity, but also on human health. Therefore, thorough biosafety assessment requires, not only an evaluation of environmental impacts of genetically engineered organisms, but also an assessment of the risks that genetically engineered food pose for the health of consumers. Let us take deeper look at some of the aspects related to genetically engineered foods. What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the information stored in tits DNA for the management of every biochemical process. The life, growth and unique features of the organism depend on its DNA. The segments of DNA, which have been associated with specific features or functions of an organism, are called genes. Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes, which change the structure of DNA in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands of DNA. Using such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors, strands of DNA like viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA. Scientists started to build vectors, which incorporated genes of their choosing and used vectors to insert these genes into the DNA of living organisms. Genetic engineers believe that they can improve the foods we eat by doing this. At first glance, this might look exciting to some people. Deeper consideration reveals some advantages and serious dangers. What are the advantages of Genetically Engineered Food? Genetic engineering gives todays researchers considerable advantages in plant breeding programs. Predictability Scientist can identify the specific gene for a given trait, make a copy of that gene for insertion into a plant, and be certain that only the new gene is added to the plant. This eliminates the backcrossing, traditional plant breeders must do to eliminate extraneous undesired genes that are frequently introduced when using cross-hybridization. Significant acceleration of the development timetable. New technique takes about 5 years to remove the undesirable traits compared to 12 years of process with the traditional techniques. Plant breeders do not use recombinant DNA techniques exclusively. Instead they use a combination of new and traditional methods to provide a plant with quality, yield, weather and pest resistance and other desirable traits. Improved quality with more choices for the customers. Genetically engineered food especially fruits and vegetables allow to have plenty of time for shipping and sale and it helps to keep the them stay ripe without getting rotten. Some of the fruits and vegetables need warm climates to grow, so most off-season store them must travel a long way after they are picked. One example is the Flavr Savr tomatoes. To survive their journey intact, tomatoes are picked while they are green, which is a food which is a good way to avoid bruising, but which results in a tomato that is often described as having the consistency and mouth-feel of a tennis ball. In the case of Flavr Savr tomatoes, the company solved the rotting problem by inserting a reversed copy- an antisense gene of the gene that encodes the enzyme that results in tomato spoilage. This suppresses the enzyme that results in rotting, allowing the tomato to stay ripe, but not rot, up to 10 daysplenty of time for shipping and sale. Refrigeration is not necessary. What are the dangers of Genetically Engineered Food? Is it safe to eat? There has been no adequate testing to ensure that extracting genes that perform an apparently useful function as part of that plant or animal is going to have the same effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species. To consumers, most genetically engineered foods are essentially foods with added substances, usually proteins. This is because genes are translated into proteins by cells. Therefore, when a genetic engineer adds, say, a bacterial gene to a tomato, he or she is essentially adding a bacterial protein to that tomato. .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .postImageUrl , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:hover , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:visited , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:active { border:0!important; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:active , .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664 .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4688ddf7d7b07fa7e1a79a52f7b74664:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mall Culture Essay In most cases these added proteins would likely prove safe for .

Pornography - Its Place In Our Society Essays -

Pornography - Its Place in Our Society As the debate over pornography and its place in society grows hotter every day, several authors in particular shed a new light on the subject. Both their intuition and insight involving their beliefs can help the reader a great deal in seeing aspects of this debate that might have otherwise gone without the consideration that they so deserve. I believe that pornography is not only okay, but is allowing our country to take a step back and ask ourselves how far we are willing to go and what we are willing to sacrifice in order to preserve free speech and our rights to personal choice. The argument over pornography is not merely the debate over right or wrong, but also involves the theory that its existence requires, or possibly even causes, an inequality between men and women. I ask you, how could something like pornography cause an in-equality between men and women when women are the major contributors to the industry? Who is going to watch a porn without women in it? Therefore, at least at first glance, it would seem that since women are actively contributing to the business of pornography maybe they should be criticized at least equally if not more so than the men who watch it. According to author J.M. Coetzee and his article "The Harms of Pornography", the real questions here are, "what is the difference between obscenity and pornography", and even more importantly, "where do we draw the line between the two"? Coetzee brings up a good point here. A point on which the entire debate over pornography hinges. What is the defenition of "obscenity"? An excerpt from a speech by Mike Godwin, Online Counsel for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, gives a good definition of obscenity in his on-line article: "Fear of Freedom: The Backlash Against Free Speech on the 'Net'". Everybody more or less knows something about what qualifies as obscene. You know it has something to do with "community standards," right? And with appealing to the "prurient interest." A work has to be a patently offensive depiction of materials banned by state statute and appeal to the prurient interest to be obscene and it also has to meet one other requirement. It also has to lack serious literary, artistic, social, political or scientific value. That's how something is classified as "obscene." Godwin states that one of the criteria for decency or absence of obscenity is that something must contain social political or scientific value. Is it possible that pornography is an outlet for people that prevents ideas that start out as fantasies or desires from becoming real? If so, then it's possible that the porn industry is doing us a bigger favor than we know.In an article written by Donna A. Demac, the history of censorship, obscenity, pornography and the rights of "the people" are conveyed with a decidedly liberal attitude. Demac's article gives an intelligent overview as to the actions of various political parties, groups and activists that have fought either for or against some of the issues regarding pornography, and his article can be effectively used to defend free speech. The most opinionated and conservative of the authors included is Catherine MacKinnon, who touches on the thought that there is a great deal of similarity between pornography and black slavery. In her article "Pornography, Civil Rights and Speech" she states that "the harm of pornography does not lie in the fact that it is offensive but that, at least in developed societies, it is an industry that mass produces sexual intrusion, access to, possession and use of women by men for profit". MacKinnon approaches pornography not from a "moral" standpoint, but strictly from the "political" point of view that says pornography is a threat to the gender equality of our nation. I say she is wrong and that not only is pornography okay, but in many cases could contribute to the health of our society. I will quickly agree that pornography should be kept away from the eyes of our children, and that there is a proper time and place for it, but consider some of the acts that, providing that pornogrpahy was made illegal,

Mandatory Sentencing essays

Mandatory Sentencing essays Crimes in America are growing each day. There are different reasons to the growing of the crimes committed. One big reason that comes to mind is the fact that some criminals are not receiving enough burdens on their punishment. Repeat offenders are currently playing a big role in the growing of the crimes in America. Maybe the penalties that were given in the past are not enough for the potential criminals decision on not doing a crime. In recent years, various mandatory sentencing laws have faced increasing criticism and numerous political or legal challenges. One of the main complaints for the law is that it is too harsh. Many observers criticize mandatory sentences for forcing judges to impose sentences that are too harsh. Some criminals third strike are said to be nonviolent crimes that critics say does not warrant a mandatory twenty five year sentence. For example, a homeless man who was convicted for attempting to break into a church to steal food in nineteen ninety seven and received a three-strike sentence of twenty five years to life. Critics refer back to this over and over. Some legal analysts also blame three strikes laws and other types of mandatory sentences for clogging the court system. It is said that putting all of these criminals into prison is costly. Critics say that mandatory sentences are not justifiable on the basis of cost- effectiveness. The main reason they argue is because of the high cost of imprisoning people. Americans who disagree with the law say that too much of there tax money goes towards prison cost in which the population is still going to raise. The fact that repeat offenders play a big role in growing of the crime rate grabs the attention of many innocent citizens who only want a civilized society. This affects the citizens because it seems that if a person commits a crime and goes to the county jail or prison, that he or she has learned his or her lesson. That is not...

How Other Countries Approach Reentry. Whether Their Approaches are Research Paper

How Other Countries Approach Reentry. Whether Their Approaches are More Successful - Research Paper Example Introduction Reentry program involves the use of certain programs that are targeted at promoting the effective reintegration of people released from jails and prisons back to the community. Reentry is a comprehensive case management approach that is intended to aid former prisoners to gain skills that would assist them to become law abiding citizens. It helps people with criminal background become self-sufficient and become productive upon release from jail (Ismaili, 2010). This paper focuses on the issue of reentry, and particularly compares the effectiveness of incarceration approaches of different countries. Some recommendations on the best practices have also been provided. How other counties approach reentry Parole The processes of releasing prisoners vary from country to country. Parole is used after certain sentence is served. In Finland, there is a general rule that requires individuals, who have not been to prison for a period of up to three years, to be paroled after servin g the first half of the sentence. Australia also uses automatic parole to manage the reentry of the prisoners once they are released. The court is used in England and Wales to determine the proportion of the sentence that a prisoner serves, while a parole board is used to determine who among the prisoners is eligible for the parole. Supervised Probation Period In Finland, prisoners who have long sentences are placed under supervised probation. This happens when such people need more support and services while in the community. In other nations, the practice of supervision once the individuals are released is defined by the mode of supervision, which gives clear distinction (Ismaili, 2010). This reduces the application of supervised parole. In Canada and Australia, they use the supervised and service parole as reentry approach. Supportive Parole This is where the state incorporates more reentry services. This is particularly informed by the pressure of the population of prisoners. It is designed to assist prisoners who are back to the community with advice and supervision by the parole officers. In such cases, there are always risk management strategies. Whether Their Approaches are more successful Than Ours (Why or Why Not) Reentry services should help people successfully return permanently to the society. It also helps reduce the number of people in prison. These jurisdictions have some form of supervision practices that are carried out. Unlike in our country, reentry in these countries is usually accompanied by an automatic release before the end of the routine sentence (Australia, Finland and Germany). The reentry services in these states are usually automatic, widely and routinely available. In addition, the prisoners are rarely imprisoned until their term ends. Instead, they are released and provided with service of a parole agency - this is commonly described as probation. The practice of surveillance, which is used to prevent committing of more offences , ensures that released individuals are not remanded. In our country, the number of paroles who are returned to prison after a particular parole is revoked is high. This has been attributed to the nature of supervision that is conditional. In the U.S, the parole is designed to arrest the individual. In other jurisdictions, they ensure that prisoners who are

Effect of social network in today mass communication Research Paper

Effect of social network in today mass communication - Research Paper Example By using social networks as mass communication marketing tools, companies around the world are able to interact with their customers and advertise their products like never before. To understand how social media marketing works as a mass communication marketing tool, the importance of the Internet must be realized. â€Å"With nearly 260 million people using the Web on a regular basis in the United States alone, using the Internet has become a mainstream social activity. Consumers approach purchasing online differently, too, and as a result, you need to approach your marketing online differently as well,† (Singh, 2010). What Singh describes here is important to note. The number of users on the internet is astronomically high, and getting higher each day. As a result, the internet is seen as a perfect place to advertise products and utilize marketing practices, since such an audience is present. Social networks are crucial to this. According to a study conducted in June 2010, ne arly 80% of the United States internet population uses social networks (Heras, 2010). The top 10 social networks used as of March 2010 are Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Linkedin, Classmates, MyLife, Ning, LiveJournal, Tagged, and Last.fm, with Facebook receiving 133,623,529 unique visits daily and Last.fm receiving 3,473,978 unique visits daily (Nations, 2010). With the amount of time and the amount of people on social networks today, it has become not only important, but nearly necessary for companies to reach out to their online audience and extend their marketing plans to include them. Advertising to the online audience of a given company or brand is not the same as traditional advertising. â€Å"†¦advertising has traditionally been viewed as one way communication, delivered from the marketer using ads through some media vehicle to a receiver, the target audience. Thinking of advertising as one-way communication limits what is possible, particularly online,† (Tuten, 200 8). Social networks are all about communication: people getting in touch with long lost friends and family members, keeping in touch with the friends you already have, and in some cases, making new friends. From a business perspective, businesses must find a way to make themselves part of the communication. â€Å"Online, advertising becomes more about conversations, connections, and shared control and less about passive consumption of packaged content,† (Tuten, 2008). Brands join in on the communication by interacting with their customers using these social networks. On Facebook, brands create fan pages, where their brand can be â€Å"liked† by their customers. These fan pages have various ways in which they can engage customers to communicate. Many fans simply comment the fan pages, talking about a favorite product or an experience with the product. From there, the brand is responsible to monitor these comments and respond to them, with at least a simple thank you. Th e more they elaborate on their responses to comments, the more they can engage customers in conversation and develop a relationship between the customer and the brand. This can also be done by creating engaging status updates, where they encourage customers to share with them. This allows the customers to feel like they are contributing to a brand and that their voice is being heard. From there, it is largely in the customer’

Issues and challenges faced by Starbucks corporation

Issues and challenges faced by Starbucks corporation In 1971, four people fill with passion of coffee open their first coffee retail store-Starbucks in Seattle, Washington. By 1981, the company had 4 retail stores, which were sale whole bean coffee. Howard Schultz, who is the chairman and CEO of Starbucks, was hired and join the marketing team in 1982. At that time, Schultz wanted to create an idea that Starbucks become Americans third place to go, which is a place people can enjoy, relax themselves and not far away from work or home. Hence, Schultz suggested company set up an espresso bar in the retail, hence, the idea was allow to test in the sixth store in 1983. From then on, the development of company increased significantly. Few years later, Schultz bought Starbuck. After Schultz took over the company, Starbucks turn into high-speed expansion stage. By 1992, Starbucks already had 140 stores, which serviced coffee, beverage, cake and some stores even sold jazz CDs (Tuck business school, 2002). Now, Starbucks is worldwide company wi th 17,800 stores in 49 countries including more than 10000 stores in US, 1000 in Canada and 800 in UK (google map, 2010) Methods Data collection methods Methodology As members of Group 8 (ASB 4431 Organisations People Assignment Groups 2010-11) perusing a Masters degree in Bangor University, have done a report on Starbucks critically evaluating the organisations structure, strategy, culture, and management/leadership style. Data collection method The research strategy that the study utilized is the explanatory or Analytical research approach. As this study is based on our analysis of Starbucks, structure, culture, leadership and other issues would be explored; questions will need answering thereby a need to understand the phenomena. The use of a Qualitative data analysis will be employed since the data we use will all be non-numeric data. Saunders et al, (2009) Source of data Secondary data was obtained from already existing data mainly from Starbucks website, other Internet sources, journals and textbooks. Issues and challenges There are three issues considered in this report, first is the resource constrains, most of the articles we found are all available online, however not all of them are free to assess, especially for those authoritative articles that always need to pay to assess, for example, the book named Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time, which written by Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz is a good reference for our report, however, we can not assess it without buying it. Second issues is the lack of critical review for Starbucks, most paper we found was regard Starbucks as the positive example in explaining organisational behaviour, there is no doubt that Starbucks doing a great job in rewarding their employees, however it brings challenges to be critical in our report. The final issues is the ethical and legal issues, as all the article we found can published publicly, and we all using appropriate reference, as a result, there is no ethical and legal issues to co nsider for our report. Analysis In this study, qualitative data analysis has been conducted to evaluate the organisational feature of Starbucks Corporation rather than using quantitative analysis such as statistical analysis.   In order to gather the data, remote data collection, such as Internet search and literature review about has been mainly conducted.   The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the organisation structure, strategy, culture and management or leadership applications of Starbucks Corporation, therefore all information are gathered by internet search and literature review.   In order to analyse gathered data to evaluate feature of Starbucks Corporation, observed data analysis method has been practiced.   Comprehensive search for several facts related to structure, strategy, culture and management/leadership applications of Starbucks, has been executed by using Internet search and literature review.   Afterwards, critical evaluation has been conducted to link all information or ganically.   Finally, all analysis results were integrated and final conclusion has been created. Results Overview of corporate strategy business goals Mission statement A mission statement is a brief description of an organisations fundamental purpose, which is steered in outlining the existence of the organisation; this is to enable members of the organisation to be aware of the companys purpose as well as the general public. (David, 2009) A mission statement should be a short and brief declaration of goals and objectives. The primary goal of any business is to maximize stakeholder worth, which includes shareholders of the business, business employees and clients or customers who purchase business goods and services. (David, 2009; Abell, 1980) Diverse works have outlined what should be covered in a mission statement (Abell, 1980; Pearce and David, 1987). It is not the content of the mission statement that really matters but rather the process used to prepare the document and the principles employed to fulfil the prepared document (Mullane, 2002). In the mission statement of Starbucks which talks about inspiring and nurturing the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighbourhood with principles to live out every day as an organisation to fulfil their mission statement. The principles below are what Starbucks employ in achieving their mission statement; Our Coffee; It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. Our Partners; Were called partners, because its not just a job, its our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers; When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. Its really about human connection. Our Stores; When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. Its about enjoyment at the speed of life sometimes slow and savored, sometimes faster. Always full of humanity. Our Neighbourhood; Every store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbours seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business. We can be a force for positive action bringing together our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility and our potential for good is even larger. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the new standard, yet again. We will lead. Our Shareholders; We know that as we deliver in each of these areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our shareholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks and everyone it touches can endure and thrive. Environmental Mission Statement; Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business Our Starbucks Mission Statement; Our mission: to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time. (Starbucks: Our Mission Statements) Business strategy To understand and analyse corporate strategy and business goal of Starbucks, we firstly need to have a clue of what corporate strategy is. By Johnson and Scholes, corporate strategy is defined as: Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. In the case of Starbucks, the organization is employing Porters Differentiation Focus Strategy. This strategy provides a product or service to a specific market niche and differentiates from competition in specific areas. (Rebecca Larson, 2009) Starbucks does not exist as a low-cost company to the competitors. It focuses on the specialized selections, provides specially tailored lines of coffee and tea related products for a premium price. Starbucks does not promote itself by using traditional means; they generally concentrate on high-level marketing and branding by word-of-mouth, as well as alliances and partnerships. They try not to promote the company, however automatically they are promoted by providing customer support and also their excellent works in which up to now has becoming a successful strategy. By the companys hard work, focusing on details and ethical decision-making, customers have experienced a wonderful service, as a result, the company gradually built up its reputation and becoming one of the most valuable global brands.(Theodore,2002,p.62) It is incredible that Starbuckss achievement with very few commercials, ads or any other kind of marketing means. Starbucks could not become a coffee-related products giant retailer and remain long-term success only by selling coffee on its own. One important part of the companys strategy is strategic alliances, which could also be called joint venture approach. This strategy leads the globalization of the company with higher recognition and reputation of the brand also exposing the brand to other potential customers. The variety of companys products is relatively being expanded demographically and geographically. For example, in order to advance social and economic equality, the company allied with NAACP, the company donated and together with NAACP organized events for social equality has becoming a great success. It showed that Starbucks is no longer a simple business organization, it also exists as a charity and that brings the company higher reputation. They also partnered with Barnes and Noble bookstores to be the in-house coffee shop in 1993, (Isidro, 2004) co-produce coffee-related drinks such as Starbucks Frappuccino with PepsiCo from 1996, formed alliances with ice-cream manufactures and hotel chains to offer Starbucks brand and flavored ice-creams and Starbucks coffees within the hotels (Rebecca Larson, 2009). Explanation of organisational structure Board Committee organization structure of Starbucks The structure of Starbucks Company is shown in Figure 1.   As mentioned by Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Annual Report (2009), as group member of the Board of Directors, Howard Schultz was appointed to Companys chairman and chief executive. Barbara Bass, William W. Bradley, Mellody Hobson, Olden Lee, James G. Shennan, Javier G. Teruel, Myron E. Ullman and Graig E. Weatherup were appointed to director individually. Kevin R. Johnson and Sheryl Sandberg were appointed to Chief Operating Officer individually. Additional, Starbuck Corporation consisted of 38 members of Senior Officers. Board Committees are composed of Audit and Compliance Committee, Corporation Compensation and Management Development Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Composition Job Design Board of Director The Board of Director inclusive twelve members, independence of each member are requested to meet of the NASDAQ Stock Market efficiently. When Board getting direction about recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Board of Directors will appoint a new member in case of there is a vacancy occupation occur on the Board. The Board of Directors of Starbucks Company are responsible for monitoring company powers and ensuring that the company business meet goals which is requested by shareholders. The Board have responsibility to select nominees for the Board of Directors who have appropriate qualifications and diversity of backgrounds experiences. And also, it is in charge of appointing chief operating officer.   (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal Annual Report, 2009) Composition Job Design Audit and Compliance Committee The Audit and Compliance Committee are in charge of financial reporting and internal, external audit processes. The Committee assists the Board of Director reviewing financial issue. The Committee was appointed from the Board of Directors. The Committee have three members at least and all of them shall match The NASDAQ Stock Market requirements independence. The Committee be recommended by the Corporate Governance Committee, and finally appointed by the Board of Director. The Committee has authority to investigate any financial activity and free access to members of management. It is retain independent legal counsel. All employees have responsibility to assisting members of the Committee investigation (Starbucks Corporation Audit And Compliance Committee Charter, 2010) Composition Job Design Corporation Compensation and Management Development Committee The Compensation and Management Development Committee has responsible for working with management to establish appropriate compensation practices for the Company. There are deciding the benefits and compensations for senior officers of the Company. The Committee consists of three members at lease, which one member be required come from Board of Director. The members of Committee will be pointed from Board as well. The Committee conducts an annual review of companys compensation for Senior Officer instead of president and chairman. Together with the Chairman of the Corporate Governance Committee, the Chair of the Committee shall annually review the performance of the president and chief operating officer and meet with them to share the findings of such review when after discussing with the member of independent directors of the Board (Starbucks Corporation Compensation and Management Development Committee Charter, 2010). Composition Job Design Corporation Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee The Corporate Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and implementing policies and procedures of the Board of Directors. They are intended to constitute and organize appropriately to meet its obligations to Starbucks Company and its shareholders. The Committee will be comprised of at least three members, all of whom have to meet the independence requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC as well as. Under Board of Directors direction, members of the Committee and a Chair of the Committee shall be appointed. The Board of Directors shall appoint a new member or members, which is a vacancy on the Committee. The Committee have professional capability to assist Board identifying candidates personality. Reviewing the Companys Corporate Governance Principles and Practices annually according to changing shareholders interests and suggesting appropriate modifications to the Board of Directors. And evaluate the overall effectiveness of the organization of the Board Committees performance. Evaluation of the organisation structure of Starbucks According to SeaZone (2009), organisation structure of Starbucks Company is Matrix structure.  Ã‚  This is one type of organisation structures that is presented by Gareth Morgan.   The organisation structure is quite important to manage organisation, it plays important role for organisations activities.  Ã‚  Moreover, the organisation structure is related to its business purpose and aims. (Mullins, 2005)   Matrix structure is the organisation structure that has both of vertical structure and strong horizontal structure.   It requires employees to have two reporting relationships concurrently.  Ã‚  In this structure, employees work in provisional group constituted by employees from different function.  Ã‚  There are two lines of authority in this structure and employees have two bosses in their team namely boss for their project and boss for their function. (Mullins, 2005) Specific future of matrix structure Matrix structure provides organisation flexibility, and contributes to keep security and control of project information.  Ã‚  Moreover, organisation can have a possibility to develop stuff well.  Ã‚  (Mullins, 2005)  Ã‚  However, there are some disadvantages of matrix structure.  Ã‚  At first, there is limitation of number of employees who report to the project manager directly, because most of all stuffs are assigned from department managers.  Ã‚  This situation may lead uncertainty in organisation and employees may be unwilling to accept that their situation is changed constantly and willing that they establish in their functional group.  Ã‚  Next, matrix structure has a possibility that organisation make more complex.  Ã‚  Thirdly, extension of the authority of manager to the stuff coming from other sections can be a course of problem in organisation.  Ã‚  Finally, it is expected that functional group may not attention to their normal tasks and role.  (Mullins, 2 005)   What is required in matrix structure? Matrix structure strongly deeply rely on teamwork spirits, it demand culture of co-operation.  Ã‚  In this structure, managers are required high level of behavioural and management ability and organisation needs culture of collaboration.  Ã‚  It is necessary to educate employees to support other stuffs and to create the teamwork spirits.  Ã‚  Moreover, stuffs must have a special competence to solve the conflict in their team in the matrix-structured organisation.  Ã‚   How organisation structure works in Starbucks There are some disadvantages in matrix structure as mentioned before, however, Starbucks, especially Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks Company, may have understood these problems.   Therefore he gave special statement to employees when he expanded Starbucks structure to reinforce their internal and external communication in 2008.  Ã‚  He has explained the difficulties of doing business in situation in those days and strongly suggested change of not only structure but also employees in order to enhancing the customer experience.  Ã‚  In that message, he also stated that structure of Starbucks Company faced the revolutionary  change, however it was necessary to improve customers and stuffs experiences and recapture the vigour and benefits in the company.  Ã‚  As he explained in that message, he recognised or realised that this structural modification was hard for some stuffs owing to increase and complex of their tasks, however he also described that he made this decision unde rstanding these kinds of issues.  Ã‚  He explained that he had decided this numerous change of structure with speculation and he respected for stuffs concerned.   (Starbucks, 2008) Analysis of organisational culture With the development of economy, the competitions between companies not only aim at the product they offered but also their internal organisation culture. Deal and Kennedy researched organization culture for 15 years and they found that organisation with weak culture always beaten by organisation with strong culture (1999). Edgar Schein who is generally consider the father of organization culture defined that organization is a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problem (1985). Organization cultures pay attentions to individuals in a organization that it establish an appropriate platform make individual join in the organization quickly and help people work together toward the same organizati on goals. In addition, organization culture help employee improve their personal ability and knowledge to maximum. In the meantime, organisation culture forms the external performance and reputation, which are important to decision making during purchasing Starbucks is one of the successful chain coffee stores. It is because it has a unique organisation culture. In order to understand internal culture in Starbucks, we will use the Great Holsfedes cultural framework. Holsfedes used different five aspects to evaluate culture, which are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation (Holsfedes, 1991). . Base on this model, it can reveal that Starbucks have long power distance, because every employee in Starbucks have the same basic rights no special treatment. In addition, for the gander issue, Starbucks view all the employees the same regardless of their gender, thus, Starbucks has high masculinity and femininity. And it also has low uncertainty avoidance; due to it have a vast number of brunch stores abroad, Starbucks has to take huge risk for that. In terms of collectivistic, Starbucks belongs to high collectivistic, although it have branch store everywhere, but there is a core team to conduct the whole company. Starbuck still pay attention to environment and other charity event, so Starbucks is long term oriented. The strong power of Starbucks organisation culture appeals a great number of people, including both consumer and potential employee. Great quality of coffee and well service make Starbucks become a global company with hundreds of chain stores. Its organisation present a great service, consumer always be expected to be confronted with enthusiastic well trained employees with a great number of coffee knowledge and their service always base on consumers need. Starbuck also appeal people because of its values. As we talked above, Starbucks support many organisations in a long term, such as Conservation International, The Earthwatch Institute, Save the Children, Mercy Corps, the African Wildlife Foundation, and Planet Green. Starbucks convey a message that corporations need to concern about the society and environment around them. And then, Starbucks establish diversity internal working environment in order to satisfy the entire consumer. The strong organisational culture in Starbucks also embodied in the way they treat their employees. Starbucks hold a job fairs every year in different places, and there are also some guidelines for manager to interview the candidates and test whether they have full knowledge about the companys product, and who are adaptable, dependable and passionate in interacting with customers. Starbucks also need to deal with hundred of thousands of online applications using software developed by Taleo, this software help to screen out the candidates by answer the basic information and skills-based questions (Weber G. 2005). After recruiting people, Starbucks will also offer 24 hours of trainings to their employees, and learn how to use espresso machines, how to interact with the customers, the process and production of coffee beans. During the training, employees also need to understand the companys mission statement, and bring company culture to their customers (Cesario Minor, Jr. 2009), Starbu cks spends more on recruitment and development than on advertising which in 2004 is $68.3 million (Weber. G.2005), the mangers and assistance mangers also have trainings in computer, leadership and coffee knowledge. As Starbucks offers both product and services, people become an important factor in maintaining the quality, Starbucks treat their employees as partners by connecting their contribution to companys market value, and give the opportunity to share the success in the company, their employees are highly involved in companys activity by reporting their concerns to companys Mission review team, each employee will receive a comment card when they newly hired, and they can write down some suggestion, advice or disagreement in management decisions, the managers will response and sign for all the comment cards within two weeks, and their CEO Howard Schultz also review all the comments every month(Cesario Minor, Jr. 2009), the high involvement also increase the level of responsibil ity to the company. Starbucks also well known in retaining and rewarding their employees by good salary, stock options and health cares, according to Thompson Strickland (1999), the store employees were paid $6 to $8 per hour that is above the average minimum wages, their employees can also paying the initial years price and receiving the current years price by cashing in one-fifth of the shares granted each succeeding year. Part-time staffs is the major workforce in Starbucks, and they receive the same health insurance as full-time employees, the insurance including preventive care, crisis counselling, dental care, eye care, mental health care and treatment for chemical dependency. Howard Schultz also been invited to white house and meet with president Clinton to brief the Starbucks health care programme in 1994. Starbucks have a relative low turnover rage compare with the other companies, the turnover rage for Starbucks was about 65% compare with 150% to 400% for other retailers and fast-food chains, and the turnover rate for store manager was much lower, which is 25% compared with 50% in other retailers. Starbuckss organisation culture, especially the strong spiritual culture appealing lots potential employees, employees not only attracted by the salary, stock plans and health care, they would like to work for Starbucks because the trust, power and autonomy given by the organisation, Starbucks promotion for fair trade and environmental contributions also bring positive image and reputations. Critical evaluation of Management Leadership practices CE for business goal CE for organisational structure Critical evaluation of Management and Leadership practices As we have described previously, the organisation structure of Starbucks is the matrix structure. This structure influence management style and leadership style, too. The matrix structure strongly relies on the teamwork and relationship between employees and managerial stuffs. In the matrix structure, a line of command and report is complicating and the line is changed frequently. Therefore, employees are required more complex work rather than in other organisation structures. Moreover, organisation must provide employees good education system to create teamwork spirits in organisation. Additionally, in order to lead employees in the matrix structure, strong leadership and well-organised management style is necessary. (Mullins, 2005) It would appear that Starbucks Company might be able to overcome with these problems coming from disadvantage of the matrix structure and achieve to create good working relationship atmosphere. Therefore, they have been awarded a prize of 100 Best Compan ies to Work For by Fortune during 1998 to 2009, except 2001. (Starbucks 2010) CE for organisational culture There are two critical issues to discuss in Starbucks culture, firstly, David A. Pace, who has been an Executive Vice President of Partner Resources of Starbucks Corporation since 2002 said that, even company were to hit hard times, the strategy of above-average investment in training and rewarding employees isnt going to change (Weber G. 2005). Starbucks now is an successful company, and Paces announcement really help to build a good reputation on taking social responsibilities, however, once the company suffer from the crisis, can they still keep the promise, if they can, it helps to gain more support from their employee, but if they cant, the employees will feel disappoint and may break down the reputation. Secondly according to Weber G. (2005), Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks on October told Business week Online that, for the following two years, Starbucks would spend more on employee health care costs than it does on coffee. What Schulze said may have both impacts on their employees and customers. For their employees, they will feel appreciate and proud to work for Starbucks, and it may also attract more people desired to work for Starbucks. For Starbucks customers, some may feel Starbucks is a responsible and ethical company and feel comfortable to buy coffee from Starbucks. However, spending less on coffee may misleading other customers that the company will pay more attention on employee health care rather than coffee, customers may feels they are not regarded. Conclusions recommendations Conclusion Business goal Organisational structure As previously mentioned, Starbucks adopts matrix structure for their organisation structure. (SeaZone, 2009)    Matrix structure has a complex aspect owning to the characteristics of that structure, namely it has both of vertical structure and strong horizontal structure.   Matrix structure provides organisation flexibility, and contributes to keep security and control of project information.   Moreover, organisation can have a possibility to develop stuff well. (Mullins, 2005)   On the other hand, matrix structure has disadvantages, for example, it has limitation of number of employee who report to the project manager directly, moreover, matrix structure has a possibility that organisation make more complex. (Mullins, 2005)   However, Starbucks seems to have good relationship and well-organised education system for managerial stuffs to overcome with these disadvantage and they seems to convert these disadvantages to advantages of matrix structure.   Moreover, Howard Schu ltz, CEO of Starbucks, has strong leadership and he is trying to encourage stuffs in order to achieve their business well. (Starbucks, 2008)   In reality, the fact that Starbucks have been awarded a prize of 100 Best Companies to Work For by Fortune during 1998 to 2009, except 2001 gives evidence that many stuffs who are working for Starbucks satisfy to work in this circumstances. (Starbucks 2010) Organisational culture To conclusion, the Comprehensive and thoughtful organisation culture is Starbucks core competitive strategy, which is not only appeal potential employees but also the customers. Almost all the customers satisfied Starbucks services because they are treated very well. At the same time, they are faced with passionate employees and high quality coffee. For employees, they have well trained before they participate in the work formally, which allow them to introduce customer professionally. In addition, employees are satisfied with the wage and even part-time employees have the insurance as well. Feedback makes Starbucks culture special then their company. Their employees have the rights to write down their disagreement or suggestion to company. Recommendations Business goal Organisational structure(included in conclusion) Organisational culture As we know, Starbucks turnover rate is low, because their rewarding system attracts a great number of employees. We recommend company could change its rewarding system to performance base system, which means employees rewarding base on their personal working performance (e.g. set up best employee of the month/year). In terms of health care of employees in Starbucks, it is excellent to treat their employees in such a good way. However, consumers need an image that Starbucks devote itself to improve the quality of coffee and develop the environment in stores. Hence, we recommend Starbucks could increase spending on retail store decoration and offering more kinds of food.

Utah Family Center :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We chose to learn about, evaluate and present the Utah Family Center. The goals of this paper are; to explain the logistics of the program, to tie together what we learned with Epstein’s Framework, to describe the climate and those who typically utilize the center, and include some final concluding thoughts about the center. As a group, we referred to the Utah Family Center website, we visited and walked thru the center, and we talked to great lengths with the personnel. We were able to take pamphlets and we took digital pictures of the center to utilize in our group presentation. We worked together to write this report about the Utah Family Center. LOGISTICS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Utah Family Center is located at 5192 Greenpine Drive (460 West) in Salt Lake City, Utah in the 84123 zip code. The telephone number is (801) 266-6166. The hours and days of operation are 9:00AM until 4:00PM Monday thru Friday. When special classes are offered, they are usually on Tuesday and Thursday evenings from 6:30PM until 8:30PM. When one particular class is offered, it is on Saturdays. Their website is www.utahfamilycenter.org, and their e-mail address is info@utahfamilycenter.org. The Utah Family Center started small but increased in size once they received grant funding six years ago, and with the help of the PTA and the Utah Department of Education. They share office space with the Utah PTA Headquarters. This particular location is the statewide administrative center, and there are different branches of the Utah Family Center that they refer to as satellite centers. There are nine satellite centers, and they are located in Logan, Price, Kaysville, Monument Valley, downtown Salt Lake City, Tooele, Provo, St. George, and Ogden, Utah. The satellite centers range in size depending on the area they are in, as well as the times they are open. The statewide administrative center is equipped with a large boardroom upstairs (seats 40) and a small one downstairs (seats about 12).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The staffing consists of the Director, Barbara Smith, her secretary, a financial advisor, a counselor, other assistants, workshop teachers, and numerous PAT (Parents as Teachers). The Director manages the center. The classes are directed by nationally certified trainers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Utah Family Center is funded through repeated PIRC (Parent Information & Resource Centers) grants from the United States Department of Education Office of Innovation & Improvement. A PIRC grant is based on helping low performing schools that struggle, with the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† concept a main focus.

Law on School Prayer Essay

The issue on school prayer has been subject to constitutional debate since 1960’s. The Court ruled against school-sponsored prayer in the Engel vs. Vitale case in 1962. Such court decision is in line with the upholding of freedom of religion (and the expression of one’s faith and belief). The Court said that one could instead do his or her prayer privately and need not impose his or her prayer to anyone (Dierenfield, 2007). This is the very basis of the Court for implementing the non-school-sponsored prayer in every school in the United States. Such ruling was put into question when another case of school-sponsored prayer occurred in 2000. The case wherein the Santa Fe Independent School District permitted the non-private conduction of prayer (done in front of other students of the school) which is aim to declare support for the football athletes (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). Although, the Congress had tried to intervene with the issue, the Court still prevailed by saying that the school violated the law against school-sponsored worship or prayer. In order to uphold the ruling of the Court against school-sponsored worship or prayer, the House and the Senate passed the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education) in October 30 2001 (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). This act states that schools that would violate the law against school-sponsored prayer would be denied of federal funding. The Congress position was to uphold the right of students for voluntary prayer hence it disallowed the imposition of school on conducting a school prayer. The fear of losing the support of the government (for public schools) really held every school so that they became really careful about dealing with religious and faith-related issues of their students. They allowed their students to pray or not pray. They do not anymore try to make actions or sponsor events that would tend to patronize particulars faiths or religions. Legal Implications Truly, no one should interfere with other’s way of expressing himself or herself. Likewise, no one should impose his or her religion, belief or faith to anyone (Muir, 1985). Thus, the Court had a very good reason for declaring such decision concerning school prayer. By taking a closer examination on the issue, one would realize that the Court, as well as the Congress, just really wanted to protect the rights of the students for voluntary prayer. Hence, schools were ordered not to support any form or kind of religious and faith-related activities. This is due to the fact that public schools have a diverse population of students who belong to various religions. In effect, if the school would favor one student or a group of students in the school to conduct an event that would advertize their religion, there will really be a violation against the rights of other students on their religious belief (Muir, 1985). The Court provided a very plausible and rational suggestion to religious sectors and the parents of the students. It said that students can practice their own way of upholding their religious faith while not impeding other’s right of voluntary prayer. They can really do their prayers privately. By doing so, no one would complain about the imposition of school prayer. The Congress’s sponsorship and Court’s implementation of the ESEA could really help them monitoring and regulating schools in sponsoring and conducting activities. The schools, in return, would ensure that they would be hands-off regarding religious matters. They should really do that otherwise their federal funding would be denied by the government (Status of Current Law on School Prayer, 2007). To end, the issue on school prayer and the law regarding it intend to promote the rights of the students for voluntary prayer and against discrimination of religion. Schools primary duty is to ensure proper education for their students – and that should be their focus.

Macroeconomics Switzerland - 3998 Words

PART A Introduction The country that we have chosen for analysis is Switzerland. The economy of Switzerland is one of the worlds most stable economies. Its policy of long-term monetary security and political stability has made Switzerland a safe haven for investors, creating an economy that is increasingly dependent on a steady tide of foreign investment. Switzerland has achieved one of the highest per capita incomes in the world with low unemployment rates and a low budget deficit. The service sector has also come to play a significant economic role. *Source: Wikipedia Switzerland in brief * Switzerland’s Real GDP *Source: World Bank Swiss | Year†¦show more content†¦| Lowering the reserve requirement leads to an increase in money supply, which further leads to an increase in investments. Since the investment is increasing, AD will also increase (AD=C+I+G+NX) and AD shifts right back to the full-employment. Assuming the starting point is below full employment. * Switzerland’s Inflation Rate *Source: World Bank In the year 2009, Swiss faced deflation as 2009 is the year that global economy crisis took place. According to the data, the inflation rate of Swiss kept increasing from year 2004 to year 2008, especially in year 2008, the inflation rate shot up from 0.7% to 2.4% because of dwindling oil supplies. Since America was deep in debt and facing a serious financial problem, the US government decided to print US dollar significantly to solve its debt crisis. This led to the depreciation of US dollar against other currencies. As US dollar was used as the global trading currency, the depreciation caused the price of oil and energy to rise sharply. Hedge fund managers who held US dollar were buying a lot of crude oil as their way of keeping profits. 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